The Istanbul Metro (: İstanbul Metrosu) is a railway network that serves the city of,. It is operated by (known as Istanbul Ulaşım A.Ş. Before 2016 ), a public enterprise, controlled by the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality. The oldest section is the metro is M1 line, which opened in 1989; it now includes 82 stations in service, with 62 more under construction. Underground KölnThe system consists of six lines named,,,, and the Mini-Metro. More lines are under construction or planned: (Bostancı-Dudullu) will be on the Asian side, while (Kabataş-Mahmutbey), (Ataköy-İkitelli) will be on the European side. Istanbul Metro is connected with and underground systems and ground system. Station of the, which entered service on January 17, 1875. The oldest underground urban rail line in Istanbul is the, which entered service on January 17, 1875. It is the world's second-oldest underground after the which was built in 1863, and the first underground urban rail line in. The first master plan for a full metro network in Istanbul, titled Avant Projet d'un Métropolitain à Constantinople and conceived by the French engineer L. Guerby, dates to January 10, 1912. [ ] The plan comprised a total of 24 stations between the and districts and included a connection through the. Underground MünchenEach station would have a 75-metre platform next to the rail line, while the distance between stations varied from 220 to 975 metres. The blueprints of the project, which was never realized, are today displayed at the Museum. [ ] In 1936 the French urban planner Henri Prost proposed a metro network between the districts of and, to the north and south of the Golden Horn, respectively. In October 1951 the Dutch firm Nedeco proposed a similar route between Taksim and Beyazıt, and in September 1952 the Director of the Transportation Department, Marc Langevin, prepared a 14-chapter report together with his associate Louis Meizzonet for the implementation of the project and its integration with the other means of public transportation in the city. However, these plans never came into effect and all proposals were put on hold until 1987, when the planning for the current Istanbul Metro was made. Der große dreh. [ ] Construction works for the first 'modern' mass transit railway system started in 1989. [ ] The M1 was initially called 'Hafif Metro' (which literally translates as 'light metro'). Although it was built as a fully line, the M1 line operates with shorter and shorter station platforms than is standard on a traditional metro line, hence its 'light metro' designation. The M1 line was later extended from Aksaray towards the western suburbs, reaching Atatürk Airport in the southwest in 2002. Construction of the M2, began on September 11, 1992, but faced many challenges due to the numerous that were discovered during the drilling process, which slowed down or fully stopped the construction of many stations especially at south.
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